California as an Island

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The island that was not there

For more than a century, many printed maps showed California as a long island, cut off from North America by a narrow sea. Every map in this collection draws it that way: Hondius’s Nova Totius Terrarum Orbis of 1641; the world map of 1645 that labels it Californie Isle long 1700 lieues; Sanson’s sheets of 1651, 1652, 1680 and 1684, the last with the strait lettered Mare Vermiglio; John Seller’s world map of about 1675; Duval’s chart of commerce of 1677; Morden and Berry’s map of about 1690, with Nova Albion and Drake’s harbour on the island’s north; De la Feuille’s Mapemonde of 1708; Renard’s polar planisphere of 1715; and Seutter’s Diversi Globi Terr-Aquei of 1740.

Seutter’s is the late one: by 1740 the Jesuit Eusebio Kino had been dead for nearly thirty years, and he had spent his last years proving on foot that California is joined to the continent. For contrast, Sanson’s world map of about 1696 draws California as a peninsula, where Jaillot’s map of 1694 still shows an island.

What you get

Each map comes as six downloads — the full sheet, the sheet trimmed to its border and four standard crops — each a ZIP with a 300 dpi JPEG and the restoration passport. Every sheet is a scan of a real original in a named archive; nothing is redrawn.

Augsburg, 1740. Two hemispheres framed by eight small globes, with California still drawn as an island. Restored from the Library of Congress scan and printable to 60 cm at 300 dpi.
London, 1680. Two hemispheres 43 cm across, a coat of arms for Charles II and California still drawn as an island. Library of Congress scan, printable to 89 cm.
London, about 1675. California still drawn as an island, with scenes of the four seasons and the phases of the moon around the hemispheres. Library of Congress scan, prints to 54 cm.
Paris, February 1645. Two hemispheres ringed by the four seasons, the four elements and twelve figures in national dress, lightly hand colored. Library of Congress scan, prints to 56 cm.
Amsterdam, 1641. Two hemispheres flanked by the four elements and portraits of Caesar, Ptolemy, Mercator and Hondius. Library of Congress scan, the map prints to 55 cm.
Paris, 1651. Two hand-colored hemispheres by Nicolas Sanson, with California still drawn as an island. Library of Congress scan, prints to 57 cm at 300 dpi.
Amsterdam, 1708. Two hemispheres on a small copper plate from Les tablettes guerrières, maps chosen for officers and travelers. Polona scan, prints to 43 cm.
Rome, 1684. Two hemispheres of 27 cm after Sanson, engraved by J. Luillier and newly corrected from the latest reports. Library of Congress scan, prints to 55 cm.
London, c. 1690. Mercator's projection on two joined sheets, with California drawn as an island and a north polar inset. Library of Congress, the map prints to 97 cm.
Amsterdam, 1715. Louis Renard's planisphere of the whole world, made for a book, as its own title says. Museo Naval copy, digitized in Spain, the map prints to 56 cm.
Paris, 1677. A chart of the coasts of the four parts of the world, with ships drawn along the trade routes and California still an island. Library of Congress scan, prints to 53 cm.
Paris, 1652. Sanson's map of the world's waters, with California still drawn as an island. Library of Congress scan, hand colored, the map prints to 54 cm.
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